Wood-fuel stove.



No. 656,025. Patented Aug. I4, [900. J. A. KENDALL.

WOOD FUEL STOVE.

(Application flled Aug. 8, 1899.) (No Mndel.) 2 Sheets-Shed l.

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J. A. KENDALL.

woon FUEL STOVE.

(Application filed Aug. 8, 1899.)

Patented Aug. l4, I900.

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JOHN A. KENDALL, OF CAMERON, MISSOURI.

WOOD-'FU EL STOVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 656,02 5, dated August 14, 1900.

Application filed August 8, 1899 To otZZ whom it may concern/.-

Beit known that I,JOHN A. KENDALL,a citi zen of the United States, residing at Cameron in the county of Clinton and State of Missouri, 5 have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Fuel Stoves; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My present invention relates to improvements in the type of heating-stove which is adapted more particularly for burning wood fuel, the object of the improvements being the provision of a simply and inexpensively constructed stove in which the combustion of the fuel is practically confined to the lower or base portion of the fuel-chamber, with the result of securing the radiation of the maximum of heat units and the maintenance of an even temperature regardless of the quantity of fuel supplied to the chamber.

The nature of my invention will be readily comprehended by reference to the following detailed description and to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a heating-stove embodying my in vention. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional View on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional View showing a modification.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, of the drawings by letter, A denotes an outer casing or shell having in its base the ash-chamber Ct, the opening to which is closed by a tightly-fittin g door I). In the ash-chamber is aremovable ash-pan 0. Above the ash-chamber is a grate d, preferably of the basket type, having supporting-legs d d, resting on ledges a a. The casing-top is provided toward one end with an outlet a for the products of combustion, and toward the other end of the top is an opening having a closely-fitting platecover '6, on which may be placed cooking or warming vessels. Above the cover 6 is a removable ornamental cap e.

F denotes an inner casing or shell which Serial No. 726,502. (No model.)

forms the fuel-chamber. This chamber is airtight at its upper portion, but is open at its base, and at f is an opening for the insertion of the fuel, which opening is closed by a tightly -fitting door I), hinged to the outer casing A. The inner casing toward its lower end is preferably offset or outwardly flared; but the extreme lower end is preferably contracted, whereby there is formed a shelf f,- which forms a temporary support for the fuel. The contracted portion or shelf f is made relatively heavy to resist the action of the fire and to form a rigid support for the fuel. The lower end of the inner casing may be formed without the contraction or shelff; but I preferably provide the offset in order that the draft-openings which are formed therein may not become obstructed by the fuel. Where the contraction of the lower end is omitted, the fuel obviously will rest on the grate d. A casing=section g is secured around the lower or base portion of the inner casing and provides an air-chamber at, having outlets at f f, which outlets are provided at intervals either wholly or partially along the length of the said base portion. Likewise the chamber 00 may extend only partially the length of the base, the extent being governed by the volume of draft desired. In practice thefuel is supported by the grate and shelf f, mainly by the latter when it is employed, and the draft-openings which lead to the fuel from the air-chamber a: are, as above stated, located in the offset portion, and no obstruction to the draft is formed, there being at all times a space between draft openings or outlets f and the body of fuel. The contraction of the lower end of the fuel-chamber when employed operates to mass the burning fuel in the direction of the center of the grate and also to deflect the air-currents toward the center of the burningmass, the result being the complete combustion of the fuel by reason of the equal diffusion of air. The form of'the grate, which, as above stated, is of the basket type,also operates to centralize the fuel therein, this being accomplished to a certain extent even where the shelff is omitted. This provision for complete combustion renders it unnecessaryto change the position of the fuel by the use of a shaking-grate or handimpleinent, and attendance and labor are thus materially reduced. The ashes as they are formed fall between the bars of the grate into the pan below, which latter is removed from time to time, as will be understood.

Air is supplied to the chamber :0 through an inlet h, preferably in the upper portion of the outer casing, and through a passage 71/, the opening being controlled to any desired extent by an adjustable damper-door 1 The draft-inlet may, however, be at any other point-as, for instance, at j, opposite the grate, but which lower opening communicates by the same passage h with the chamber 00. It will therefore be understood that the location of the air-inlet is purely a matter of selection, inasmuch as the air is invariably admitted to the fuel at the base of the fuel-chamber; but by the use of both the upper and lower inlets shown the draft may be increased in volume. In the wall of the passage leading from the lower openingj are provided a number of small outlets 7t 70, through which air may be admitted should it be desired to quickly start combustion.

In Fig. at is shown a slightly-modified construction in which a portion of the casing A forms a part of the wall of the fuel-chamber, the fines or passages for the products of combustion being joined to the casing sides. By this construction I am enabled to practically dispense with an inner casing, and thereby cheapen the cost of production. The fuelchamber is, as before stated, air-tight in its upper portion, and the draft is therefore downward through the fuel and grate, the products of combustion rising at the sides of the inner casing and passing off through the outlet a to the chimney. In large stoves, and especially stoves which are provided with relatively-large fuel-doors, it is desirable to provide a direct damper in the inner casing immediately below the outlet for the prodnets of combustion. Such a damper is shown at Z, Fig. 1, the preferred construction being a plate hinged to the inner casing and opening outwardly against gravity through the force of the direct draft when the fuel-door is opened. In this way smoke and gas emissions in the room are entirely prevented.

In starting a fire a small amount of fuel is deposited on the grate, and on the fuel are laid kindlings to a depth which will bring the top of the fuel below the air-openings. One of the dampers controlling the air-inlets is then opened, and when the fire is well started fuel to any desired quantity is fed into the chamber. As the fuel is consumed fresh fuel from above takes its place until all is consumed, this being accomplished without the necessity of attendance. The rate of consumption depends upon the volume of ad mitted draft, this being under full control; but the consumption, whatever the rate, is, as above stated, uniform, the temperature even, and the maximum heat is directly radiated into the room at the coolest stratum of air.

An advantage peculiar to my improved stove is that unseasoned fuel may be burned with good results, owing to the length of time the fuel remains uneonsumed, but is subjected to the drying influence of the surrounding heat. In using such fuel it is desirable that the chamber be kept well filled, as will be understood.

A further advantage lies in the provision for heating the air-draft previous to its admission into the fuel-chamber. The air is, however, not heated to such a high degree as willdestroy the material of the stove; but, on the contrary, the temperature thereof is such that the parts are protected against the heat by reason of the contact therewith of the constantly-replenished air.

I claim as my invention 1. In a wood-fuel-burning stove the combination of a casing havinga draft-inlet and an outlet for the products of combustion, a fuelchamber air-tight in its upper portion and having a contracted open lower end and an offset above said contraction in which are a plurality of air-outlets, a horizontal air-chamber extending along the base portion of the fuel-chamber communicating with the draftinlet and with the air-outlets whereby the draft is delivered above the lower end of the fuel-chamber, and a fire-grate arranged in proximity with said fuel-chamber.

2. In a wood-fuel-burning stove, the combination of a casing having a draft-inlet, with a downward-extending tube, or passage, and an outlet for the products of combustion, a fuel-chamber, air-tight in its major upper portion, having an open bottom, and a horizontal air-chamber extending along its base, and having air-outlets communicating with said fuel-chamber, above its bottom, said airchamber communicating with said downwardextending tube or passage, and a fire-grate, substantially as set forth.

3. In a wood-fuel-burning stove, the combination with a casing having a draft-inlet and an outlet for the products of combustion, a fuel-chamber air-tight at its top and provided with an open lower end, draft-openings in the base of the fuel-chamber above its lower end, a passage leading from the draft-inlet to the draft-openings, and direct-draft openings in the wall of the passage. 7

4. In awood-fuel-burning stove, the combination of a casing having a draft-inlet and an outlet for the products of combustion, a fuel-chamber, air-tight in its major upper portion, having an open bottom, and a horizontal air-chamber extending along its base, said fuel-chamber being contracted at its bottom end and having an offset above said contraction, within said air-chamber, provided with air-outlets communicating with said fuel chamber, and said air-chamber communicating with said draft-inlet, and a firegrate arranged in proximity with the bottom or open end of said fuel-chamber, substantially as described.

5. In awood-fuel-burning stove, the combination of a casing having a draft-inlet and an outlet for the products of combustion, a fuel-chamber, air-tight at its top, provided with an open-bottom end, and a horizontal air-chamber extending along its base portion, and provided with draft-openings, a passage leading from the air-chamber to said draftinlet of the casing, and direct-draft openings in the wall of said passage, substantially as set forth.

6. In a wood-fuel-burning stove, the combination of a casing having a draft-inlet and an outlet for the products of combustion, a fuel-chamber, air-tight in its top portion, provided with an open-bottom end, draft-open- I5 inlet to control the draft, and direct-draft 2o openings in the wall of said passage, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

JOHN A. KENDALL. Witnesses:

E. J. EAKIN, O. H. WARREN. 

